3rd grade · 12 facts · multiplication

10 times table

The 10 times table is the easiest to learn and one of the most important to understand. Every answer is the number followed by a zero: 10 × 4 = 40 and 10 × 12 = 120. Children usually pick it up in a day.

What matters is the why. Ten groups of 4 is 4 tens, and 4 tens is written 40, with a 4 in the tens place and a 0 in the ones place. That understanding is what makes 10 × 30 or 10 × 47 easy later, and it is the base of place value and of the bigger multiplication in 4th grade.

Go easy on the phrase “add a zero”. It gives the right answer for whole numbers, but it stops working with decimals in 5th grade, where ten times 0.5 is 5, not 0.50. Saying “each digit moves one place to the left” is a better habit to start now.

All 12 facts of the 10 times table

  • 10 × 1 = 10
  • 10 × 2 = 20
  • 10 × 3 = 30
  • 10 × 4 = 40
  • 10 × 5 = 50
  • 10 × 6 = 60
  • 10 × 7 = 70
  • 10 × 8 = 80
  • 10 × 9 = 90
  • 10 × 10 = 100
  • 10 × 11 = 110
  • 10 × 12 = 120

Printable practice sheet (PDF) — 24 problems: the 12 facts in order, then the same facts mixed up. The answer key is on page 2. Free to print, no sign-up.

Timed drill: the 10 times table

12 facts in a random order. A right answer within 3 seconds counts as by heart. Free, no sign-up, and nothing is saved: it all happens on this screen.

Type with the keypad or your keyboard, then press Check or Enter.

What to notice

Every answer in the 10s ends in 0, and its tens digit is the number you multiplied by: 10 × 7 = 70 has 7 tens. The 10s are also double the 5s, so 5 × 6 = 30 and 10 × 6 = 60.

Money makes the 10s concrete: a dime is worth 10 cents, so 8 dimes are 80 cents. Ten-dollar bills work the same way.

Because 10 × 10 = 100, this table also shows what a hundred is: ten tens. A hundreds chart with the 10s column coloured in is a good picture to keep on the wall.

How to practise at home

  • Count by 10s from different starting points: from 30, from 70, from 110. That builds the habit of adding ten in your head, which helps with mental math well beyond this table.
  • Use dimes or bundles of ten straws. Lay out 6 dimes and ask how many cents, then 9 dimes, then 12.
  • Turn it around: “How many tens in 50? In 90?” That is the same fact read as division, a bridge to the divide-by-10 page.
  • The drill on this page will be quick. Use it as a confidence round before a harder table.

Slips to watch for

  • Putting the zero in the wrong place, such as 1020 or 102 for 10 × 12. Ask how many tens: 12 tens is 120.
  • Answering 10 for 10 × 0. Zero groups of ten is zero, as in every other table.
  • Taking “add a zero” literally and adding the number 0, which leaves 7 as 7 for 10 × 7. Use the place-value words instead: 7 tens.

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